Author Topic: Is "been" necessary?  (Read 3306 times)

Miss Mae

  • Hero Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 479
  • Karma: +0/-0
    • View Profile
    • Email
Is "been" necessary?
« on: March 10, 2014, 03:38:27 PM »
I can't remember anymore when and where exactly I've got this idea, but I still hesitate every time I add been to has, have, and had. Should writers really refrain from doing so, Mr. Carillo?
« Last Edit: March 10, 2014, 07:39:08 PM by Joe Carillo »

Joe Carillo

  • Administrator
  • Hero Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 4658
  • Karma: +207/-2
    • View Profile
    • Email
Re: Is "been" necessary?
« Reply #1 on: March 10, 2014, 07:45:58 PM »
It’s most unfortunate when writers hesitate to use the forms “has been,” “have been,” and “had been” in constructing sentences. They are depriving themselves of the opportunity to use the English language to the fullest advantage when they are crafting narratives or expressing their thoughts and ideas. I  must warn you that the situation is, well, very much like using a word processor with not a few of the QWERTY keys for the alphabet dysfunctional or missing.

In your case, I think it’s clear that your trepidation about those three verbal auxiliaries indicates unfamiliarity with—and lack of confidence in—the use of the perfect tenses in the passive voice. Recall that “been” is the past participle of the verb “be,” and that “been,” together with the helping verb “have,” serves as auxiliary to the past participle/progressive form of the operative verb to form the perfect tenses in the passive voice.

At first the perfect tenses in the passive voice may seem overwhelmingly complicated, but they actually become much easier to understand when they are broken down into their five forms, as follows:

1. Past perfect in the passive voice = had + been + past participle of the verb – for action completed (finished or “perfected”) at some point in the past before something else happened. Example: “The fancy car had been sold before we got to the auction house yesterday.”

2. Past perfect progressive in the passive voice = had + been + progressive form of the verb – for continuous action that was completed at some point in the past. Example: “The building had been rumbling for several minutes before it collapsed.”

3. Present perfect in the passive voice = has/have + been + progressive form of the verb – for continuous action that has been finished at some point in the past or that started in the past and continues to happen. Examples: “That truck has been rusting at our backyard so we decided just now to have it refurbished.” “The speculator is on a buying spree now that stock prices have been falling precipitously.” (The rule is, of course, to use “has been” for a singular subject and “have been” for a plural subject).

4. Future perfect in the passive voice = will/shall + have + past participle of the verb – for action that will have been completed (finished or “perfected”) at some point in the future. Example:  “By the time we get the funds to make the purchase next week, the promotional offer will have expired.” (For both a singular and a plural subject, “will have/shall have” applies.)

5. Future perfect progressive in the passive voice = shall + have been + progressive form of the verb – for continuous action that will be completed at some point in the future. Example: “When you visit us in Stockholm in 2016, we will have been accorded permanent resident status for almost a year.”

Take note that in the perfect tenses in the passive voice, the subject of the sentence will always be the receiver of the action of the verb, never its doer, and the verb will have to be intransitive—meaning one that doesn’t have or can’t take a direct object. Keep in mind, though, that some verbs can either be transitive or intransitive depending on how they are used. To keep out of trouble when doing past perfect constructions in the passive voice, you must develop adequate sensitivity for figuring this out with the verb you are using.

For a quick review of how verbs in English behave, check out the following earlier posting in the Forum:  
Lesson #2 - How the English Language Really Works
 
« Last Edit: March 19, 2014, 10:54:31 PM by Joe Carillo »

Miss Mae

  • Hero Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 479
  • Karma: +0/-0
    • View Profile
    • Email
Re: Is "been" necessary?
« Reply #2 on: March 11, 2014, 12:42:56 PM »
Thank you, Sir.

Honestly, I don't think I'll ever understand the English tenses like the back of my hand. I'll just try again.